Monocrotaline

SKU: orb1305001

Description

Monocrotaline is a macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid that inhibits organic cation transporters OCT-1 and OCT-2. It demonstrates cytotoxic effects against HepG2 liver cancer cells in vitro and is widely utilized to establish rodent models of pulmonary arterial hypertension for in vivo research.

Research Area

Stem Cell & Developmental Biology

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 315-22-0
• MW: 325.36
• Purity: 99.94% (May vary between batches)
• Formula: C₁₆H₂₃NO₆
• SMILES: C[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]2CCN3CC=C(COC(=O)[C@](C)(O)[C@]1(C)O)C23
• Target: TGF-beta/Smad
• Solubility: 20% HP-β-CD in Saline:10 mg/mL (30.74 mM);DMSO:55 mg/mL (169.04 mM)

Bioactivity

• Target IC50:
  OCT2:1852.6 μM|OCT1:36.8 μM
• In Vivo:
  Induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) model: Disease introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by endothelial damage, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypercontraction leading to increased pulmonary artery pressure. If left untreated, the disease will eventually lead to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Disease modeling: I. Induced chronic progressive PH 1. Animal model: rats 2. Administration method/dose/time (frequency): single subcutaneous injection/60 mg/kg/28 days 3. Signs of successful modeling: RV systolic pressure continued to increase significantly; the expression of IL-1β, IL6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in rats was increased; collagen and total collagen fibers in the pulmonary artery increased. II. Induced PH 1. Animal model: mice 2. Dosage/dose/time (frequency): intraperitoneal injection/80 mg/kg/once every 20 days (three times) 3. Signs of successful modeling: increased right ventricular pressure and RVH in mice; strong infiltration of macrophages in the mouse lungs, loss of normal alveolar structure in many areas; upregulation of Notch3 and ICAM1 mRNA expression; downregulation of Id1 and BMPR2 mRNA expression, and significant upregulation of CTGF and Col 3 mRNA.
• In Vitro:
  METHODS: Monocrotaline (Crotaline) (1, 5, 25, 75, 150 and 300 μM) was used to treat HepG2 clone9 cells and transcriptomic studies were conducted; Monocrotaline (75, 150, 300μM) was used to treat HepG2 clone9 cells and cell cycle analysis was conducted. RESULTS The signaling pathways responsible for DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation were only significant at the extremely toxic concentration of 300 μM; the S phase fraction of HepG2 clone9 cells increased, and the G2/M phase also increased significantly.

Storage & Handling

• Storage: Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice/Shipping at ambient temperature.
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

Crotaline, Monocrotaline, Smad, TGFβ, TGF-β/Smad, TGFb, TGF-b/Smad, TGFbeta, TGF-beta, TGFbeta/Smad

Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

120834