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Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are targeted cancer therapies combining an antibody with a cytotoxic drug. The antibody is designed to deliver the drug directly to cancer cells, sparing healthy tissue.
Structure
ADCs have three components:
- A monoclonal antibody: that targets specific antigens expressed on the surface of cancer cells.
- A cytotoxic drug (payload): is the active substance intended to kill the cancer cells.
- A linker: connects the antibody to the drug and ensures the drug is released inside the target cell, killing it.
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Function
ADCs use the targeting ability of antibodies to deliver potent cytotoxic drugs directly to cancer cells. Once the ADC binds to the target antigen on the cancer cell surface, it is internalised, and the cytotoxic drug is released, leading to cell death. ADCs are designed to enhance the therapeutic index of chemotherapy drugs by delivering them specifically to cancer cells, minimising off-target effects and reducing toxicity to healthy tissues.
Regulation
ADCs undergo rigorous clinical testing to ensure they are safe and effective. They are regulated as new molecular entities rather than biosimilars, as their components (antibody, drug, and linker) can vary widely.
Products
Disitamab vedotin Antibody:
Disitamab vedotin showed anti-tumor and anti-proliferation activities in gastric cancer cells with different HER-2 expression levels, and inhibited the expression of HER-2 protein in gastric cancer cells.
DXD Antibody:
Dxd has shown cytotoxicity to human tumor cell lines KPL-4, NCI-N87 and SK-BR
DXD
Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE, vedotin):
Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE; Vedotin) is an antimitotic agent which inhibits cell division by blocking the polymerisation of tubulin.
MMAE
VcMMAE:
VcMMAE is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with potent antitumor activity by using the anti-mitotic agent, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), linked via the lysosomally cleavable dipeptide, valine-citrulline (vc).
Biorbyt also offer drug-linker conjugates:
MC-DM1:
MC-DM1 is a drug-linker conjugate composed of a potent microtubule-disrupting agent DM1 and a linker MC to make antibody drug conjugate (ADC).
Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE:
A drug-linker conjugate for Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) by using the anti-mitotic agent, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), linked via the cleavable peptide Val-Cit-PAB.