Retinoic acid

SKU: orb1309934

Description

Tretinoin, a vitamin A metabolite, is a potent natural agonist of retinoic acid receptors (RARα/β/γ) with an IC50 of 14 nM. It is widely used in research to study cellular differentiation, proliferation, and tumorigenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models of oncology and dermatology.

Research Area

Cell Biology, Stem Cell & Developmental Biology

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 302-79-4
• MW: 300.4
• Purity: >98%
• Formula: C₂₀H₂₈O₂
• SMILES: C(=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C(O)=O)/C)/C)\C=1C(C)(C)CCCC1C
• Target: Retinoid receptor and related
• Solubility: Soluble in DMSO (up to 8 mg/ml) or in Ethanol (up to 15 mg/ml).

Bioactivity

• Target IC50:
  RARβ:14 nM|RARγ:14 nM|PPARβ/δ:17 nM (Kd)|PPARα:103 nM (Kd)|PPARγ:178 nM (Kd)|RARα:14 nM
• In Vivo:
  In studies evaluating the impact on glutathione levels and catalase activity, Tretinoin increased both metrics in a time- and dose-dependent manner, offering protective and mitigating effects against H2O2 cytotoxicity in human renal mesangial cells. Treatment with Tretinoin resulted in elevated mRNA levels of catalase and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (the catalytic subunit responsible for the rate-limiting step in reduced glutathione synthesis) in cultured mesangial cells. Additionally, Tretinoin upregulated matrix metalloproteinase-8/13 in human keloid-derived fibroblasts.
• In Vitro:
  Tretinoin prevents skin atrophy induced by corticosteroids in hairless mice. When co-administered with miquimod in guinea pigs, tretinoin induces tattoo fading and moderate pigment clearance histopathologically. Applications of tretinoin on incisions in the skin of 45 CD-1 mice increase fibroblast differentiation and reduce collagen production. In aged male Fischer 344 rats treated with tretinoin, renal cortex protein content is 30% lower compared to controls, potentially due to suppressed expression of tumor necrosis factor-β1 and osteopontin.
• Cell Research:
  Retinoic acid is dissolved in DMSO and stored, and then diluted with appropriate medium before use. P19 cell are induced to undergo neuronal differentiation according to established procedures. Briefly, cells are cultured on 1% agarose-coated 10 cm dishes at 3×10 5 cells/mL in α-minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Differentiation is induced by addition of Retinoic acid (1 μM) and medium containing Retinoic acid replaced 2 days later. On day 4, cell aggregates are collected by centrifugation, separated to single cells by trypsin/EDTA treatment, replated onto poly-L-lysine-coated plates, and cultured in α-minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% FBS. On day 6, medium is replaced with neurobasal medium containing B27 supplement and 2 mM GlutaMAX. Medium is replaced every 2 days for an additional week.

Storage & Handling

• Storage: -20°C
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

ATRA; Tretinoin

Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

444795