Dexamethasone

SKU: orb1309846

Description

Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, acting as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It is widely used in research to model conditions like depression and muscle atrophy in vivo, and to study cytokine modulation and autophagy in cellular experiments. Its mechanisms include inhibiting inflammatory exosome release and suppressing LPS-induced macrophage activation.

Research Area

Cell Biology, Immunology & Inflammation, Stem Cell & Developmental Biology

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 50-02-2
• MW: 392.5
• Purity: >98%
• Formula: C₂₂H₂₉FO₅
• SMILES: F[C@@]12[C@]([C@]3([C@](C)(C[C@@H]1O)[C@](C(CO)=O)(O)[C@H](C)C3)[H])(CCC=4[C@]2(C)C=CC(=O)C4)[H]
• Target: Transcription factor
• Solubility: Soluble in DMSO (up to 40 mg/ml).

Bioactivity

• Target IC50:
  granulocyte-Macrophage cells colony stimulating factor:2.2 nM (EC50)|Fibroblast:> 15 μM|NF-κB, IκBα, and IκBβ:0.5 nM|transcription of the β2-receptor:36 nM (EC50)|COS-7 cells:7.2 nM (EC50)|B-cell:0.8 μM|HeLa S3 cells:4.1 nM|CHO cells:> 20 μM|A549 cells:> 15 μM|Macrophages:0.134 μM|BV-2 cells:2.5 x 10-2 μM|HEK293 cells:> 500 μM|J774 cells:5.2 μM|B16 F10 cells:> 20 μM|HEK293T cells:> 20 μM
• In Vivo:
  METHODS: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects, Dexamethasone (1-10 mg/kg) was administered as a single intraperitoneal injection to LPS-induced inflammation in C57Bl/6JBom mice. RESULTS: 10 mg/kg Dexamethasone significantly reduced neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.Dexamethasone treatment significantly down-regulated the levels of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40 and MIP-1α mRNA. Dexamethasone exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions in acute airway inflammation. METHODS: To detect anti-tumor activity in vivo, Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into SCID mice harboring the human myeloma tumor OPM2 five days per week for three weeks. RESULTS: Dexamethasone treatment significantly inhibited the growth of OPM2 tumors, indicating antitumor activity in vivo.
• In Vitro:
  METHODS: Human colorectal cancer cells LoVo and HCT116 were treated with Dexamethasone (10-300 µM) for 72 h. Cell growth inhibition was detected by MTT. RESULTS: Dexamethasone dose-dependently inhibited the growth of LoVo and HCT116 cells, and the inhibition rates of 300 µM Dexamethasone were 52.6% and 58.8%, respectively. METHODS: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells RS4;11 were treated with Dexamethasone (100 nM) for 24-36 h. Cell morphology was examined using electron microscopy. RESULTS: In cells treated with Dexamethasone for 24 h, vesicles were surrounded by double membranes, which are characteristic of autophagosomes, and contained membrane structures and/or part of the endoplasmic reticulum or a large amount of cytoplasm. In addition to the appearance of autophagosomes, the nucleus and cell morphology were initially intact, suggesting that autophagosome formation preceded cell death. Dexamethasone induces autophagy. METHODS: Activated mouse and human T cells were treated with Dexamethasone (0.001-10 μM) for 48 h, and PD-1 expression was detected by Flow Cytometry. RESULTS: Dexamethasone enhanced the expression of PD-1 in mouse and human activated T cells.
• Animal Research:
  NAC was administered at three different doses (10, 100 and 500 mg/kg body weight). At the highest concentration, the acidic pH of the NAC solution was adjusted by adding NaOH. Dexamethasone was administered as a single injection of 1 or 10 mg/kg. Both drugs were dissolved in saline and 400 μl were injected intraperitoneally, either 1 h before or 1 h after LPS exposure. In one experiment, NAC (100 and 500 mg/kg) was injected successively every 4·5 h, starting 1 h before challenge (five injections in total). A control group of LPS-exposed animals were injected intraperitoneally with solvent alone (saline). Intratracheal administration was performed by instillation of 100 μl NAC (50, 100 or 500 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) into the lungs of mice anaesthetized with 15 mg/kg Rapinovet (i.v.) .

Storage & Handling

• Storage: RT
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

Dexamethasone, Complement System, ComplementSystem, CD18, CD62L, CD11b, ADC Cytotoxin, ADCCytotoxin, Autophagy, Antibiotic, Bacterial, MK125, MK-125, neutrophils, NSC34521, NSC-34521, Mitophagy, Mitochondrial Autophagy, MK 125, ILReceptor, monocytes, IL Receptor, IL receptor, inhibit, NSC 34521, glucocorticoid, GlucocorticoidReceptor, Glucocorticoid Receptor, Inhibitor, Hexadecadrol, Prednisolone F, receptor, SARSCoV, SARS-CoV, SARS coronavirus

Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

5743