Clonidine hydrochloride

SKU: orb1309246

Description

Clonidine hydrochloride is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist primarily employed in hypertension research. It is widely used in both in vivo and in vitro studies to investigate sympathetic nervous system modulation, analgesia, and ADHD mechanisms.

Research Area

Neuroscience, Pharmacology & Drug Discovery

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 4205-91-8
• MW: 266.55
• Purity: 99.80%
• Formula: C₉H₁₀Cl₃N₃
• SMILES: Cl.ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=NCCN1
• Target: Adrenergic Receptor
• Solubility: H2O:26.7 mg/mL (100.17 mM);DMSO:23.33 mg/mL (87.53 mM)

Bioactivity

• In Vivo:
  Administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 μg/kg, clonidine markedly reduces rat body temperature, peaking at 1 hour and persisting for 3 hours; this effect is notably counteracted by a pre-administration of phentolamine into the cerebral ventricles. Additionally, clonidine (0.003-0.05 mg/kg, i.p.) effectively inhibits PCP-induced dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex, an effect that is blocked by the alpha-2A receptor antagonist BRL-44408. In normotensive rats treated with DMSO, clonidine (0.6 μg intracisternally) does not alter blood pressure, but following central adenosine A1R inhibition with DPCPX, it significantly lowers blood pressure. Conversely, in DMSO-treated aortic-banded rats, clonidine prominently decreases blood pressure, a response that remains unchanged after DPCPX pretreatment. Additionally, in SO rats with central A1R blockage, clonidine not only reduces blood pressure but also significantly elevates pERK1/2 levels in the RVLM, an effect not observed in DMSO-pretreated SO rats. Similarly, clonidine boosts RVLM pERK1/2 levels in vehicle-treated aortic-banded rats, unaffected by DPCPX.
• In Vitro:
  Clonidine, at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, or 1 μM, significantly elevates CGRP (α and β) mRNA expression in endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, a 24-hour treatment with 1 μM clonidine notably augments NO levels in these cells. This indicates that the NO pathway plays a crucial role in modulating the clonidine-induced CGRP production.

Storage & Handling

• Storage: Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice/Shipping at ambient temperature.
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

AdrenergicReceptor, Adrenergic Receptor, Catapres, Clonidine, Clonidine HCl, Clonidine hydrochloride, Clonidine Hydrochloride, Beta Receptor, inhibit, Inhibitor, α2 adrenergic receptor

Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

20179