Citric acid

SKU: orb1224014

Description

Citric acid is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. (In Vitro):Citric acid (0-12.5 mM; 24 h) shows antiproliferative activity in a dose dependent manner.Citric acid (12.5 mM; 72 h) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner.Citric acid (12.5 mM; 48 h) increases the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreases of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl.(In Vivo):Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) significantly decreases GSH-Px activity and induces an increase in the MDA (malonyldialdehyde) levels in mouse liver.Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) induces apoptosis by increases caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner in mouse hepatocytes.Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.; weekly for 3 weeks) causes renal toxicity in mice.

Research Area

Pharmacology & Drug Discovery

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 77-92-9
• MW: 192.12
• Purity: >98% (HPLC)
• Formula: C₆H₈O₇
• SMILES: OC(CC(CC(O)=O)(C(O)=O)O)=O
• Target: Apoptosis

Bioactivity

• In Vivo:
  Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) significantly decreases GSH-Px activity and induces an increase in the MDA (malonyldialdehyde) levels in mouse liver. Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) induces apoptosis by increases caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner in mouse hepatocytes. Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.; weekly for 3 weeks) causes renal toxicity in mice. Animal model: 20 g male Kunming mice. Dosage: 120, 240, 480 mg/kg. Administration: i.p.; weekly for 3 weeks. Result: T-SOD and GSH-Px activities in the treated groups decreased with increasing doses of citric acid, NOS activity tended to increase, and H2O2 and MDA contents gradually decreased.
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• In Vitro:
  Citric acid (0-12.5 mM; 24 h) shows antiproliferative activity in a dose dependent manner. Citric acid (12.5 mM; 72 h) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner. Citric acid (12.5 mM; 48 h) increases the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreases of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl. Cell Viability Assay Cell line: HaCaT cells. Concentration: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 mM Incubation time: 24 h. Result: Inhibited the cell viability in a dose dependent manner. Cell Cytotoxicity Assay Cell line: HaCaT cells. Concentration: 12.5 mM Incubation time: 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 h. Result: Induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner. Western blot analysis. Cell line: HaCaT cells. Concentration: 12.5 mM Incubation time: 12, 24, 48 h. Result: Increased the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreased of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl.
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Storage & Handling

• Storage: Storage temperature: -20°C. Stability: ≥ 2 years
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Quick Database Links

Gene Symbol

Apoptosis