(20S)-Protopanaxadiol

SKU: orb1305007

Description

(20S)-Protopanaxadiol (20-Epiprotopanaxadiol) is an aglycone metabolite derived from protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides. It functions as an apoptosis inducer and is utilized in biochemical research to study its mechanisms and potential effects in both cellular (in vitro) and animal (in vivo) experimental models.

Research Area

Cell Biology, Immunology & Inflammation, Metabolism Research, Neuroscience, Pharmacology & Drug Discovery, Signal Transduction

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 30636-90-9
• MW: 460.73
• Purity: 98.91% (May vary between batches)
• Formula: C₃₀H₅₂O₃
• SMILES: CC(C)=CCC[C@](C)(O)[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@@H]1[C@@]3(C)CC[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@@]21C
• Target: Apoptosis,P-gp,ROS,Reactive Oxygen Species
• Solubility: 10% DMSO+90% Corn Oil:3.3 mg/mL (7.16 mM);Ethanol:31 mg/mL (67.28 mM);DMSO:85 mg/mL (184.49 mM);H2O:< 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)

Bioactivity

• In Vivo:
  Treatment with (20S)-Protopanaxadiol and PPT prior to immobilization stress increase the time spent in open arms and open arm entries in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. Treatment with (20S)-Protopanaxadiol potently suppresses immobilization stress-induced serum levels of corticosterone and interleukin (IL)-6 by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (20S)-Protopanaxadiol and PPT may exhibit the anxiolytic effect via γ-aminobutyrateA (GABAA) receptor(s) and serotonergic receptor(s), respectively, and (20S)-Protopanaxadiol may have an anti-inflammatory effect that is more potent than that of PPT.
• In Vitro:
  Concentrations causing growth inhibition of 50% of cells (LC50) for the compounds (20S)-Protopanaxadiol is 23 μg/ml, for Int-407 cells. The the LC50 for (20S)-Protopanaxadiol is determined to be 24 μg/ml in Caco-2 cells. In the Int-407 cell line, (20S)-Protopanaxadiol produces great percentage of sub-G1 (apoptotic) cells(The Int-407 cell line is a human embryonic nonmalignant cell line originating from fetal tissue of approximately 2 months gestation, whereas Caco-2 is a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line). This response is attributed to differences in individual ginsenoside glycosylation and, thus, the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance . Incubation with (20S)-Protopanaxadiol also significantly reduces the viability of U251-MG and U87-MG cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of (20S)-Protopanaxadiol is accompanied by reduced expression of cell adhesion proteins, including N-cadherin and integrin β1, which leads to reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Furthermore, incubation with (20S)-Protopanaxadiol reduces the expression of cyclin D1 and subsequently induces cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase.
• Cell Research:
  Int-407 and Caco-2 cells are seeded at a concentration of 1×106 cells/mL in 24-well plates in separate experiments. Test ginsenosides (PPD, PPT, Rh2) are added to wells to the LC50 concentration determined previously from the MTT assays. The ginsenoside concentrations used for Int-407 cells are 23, 26, and 53 μg/mL, respectively, for PPD, PPT, and Rh2. In a similar experiment using Caco-2 cells, 24 μg/mL for both PPD and PPT and 55 μg/mL for Rh2 is used. Untreated cells represented the control. Cells are incubated at 37℃ in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell-free supernatant are obtained by centrifugation(400 g) for 10 min, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay is conducted as previously reported.(Only for Reference)

Storage & Handling

• Storage: keep away from moisture,keep away from direct sunlight | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice/Shipping at ambient temperature.
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

P-gp, Pgp, P-gp (P-glycoprotein), P-glycoprotein, Reactive Oxygen Species, ReactiveOxygenSpecies, Protopanaxadiol, saponins, various tumor cells, CD243, Cluster of differentiation 243, Apoptosis inducer, Apoptosis, Akt activity, (20S) Protopanaxadiol, (20S)Protopanaxadiol, (20S)-Protopanaxadiol, 20(S)-APPD, 20APPD, 20-Epiprotopanaxadiol, ABCB1, Multidrug resistance protein 1, inhibit, ginseng, Inhibitor, MDR1

Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

11213350