Sodium valproate

SKU: orb1308057

Description

Sodium valproate, the sodium salt of valproic acid, is an anti-epileptic agent that elevates brain GABA levels by inhibiting its degradation, thereby enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission. It is widely used in neuroscience research, including in vitro electrophysiology studies and in vivo models of seizures and neurological disorders, to investigate GABAergic mechanisms and neuronal excitability.

Research Area

Cell Biology, Epigenetics & Chromatin, Neuroscience, Stem Cell & Developmental Biology

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 1069-66-5
• MW: 166.2
• Purity: >98%
• Formula: C₈H₁₅O₂ Na
• SMILES: [Na+].CCCC(CCC)C([O-])=O
• Target: Protein deacetylase
• Solubility: Soluble in Water (up to 50 mg/ml).

Bioactivity

• Target IC50:
  HDAC:0.5-2 mM|HDAC1:0.4 mM
• In Vivo:
  In cultured cells, Valproic acid induces histone deacetylation similarly to the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A, and like Trichostatin A, activates the transcription of various exogenous and endogenous promoters. However, in the embryos of vertebrates, both Valproic acid and Trichostatin A exhibit teratogenic effects without activating transcription. Valproic acid directly inhibits histone deacetylases through distinct pathways, with an IC50 of 0.4 mM for HDAC1. It inhibits cell proliferation or survival in F9 and P19 teratocarcinoma cells, as indicated by a decrease in [3H]thymidine incorporation, and promotes peroxisome proliferation in the liver of rodents. At a concentration of 1 mM, Valproic acid inhibits the release of Gal4 fused with N-COR, TR, or PPARδ in cells expressing the DNA binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor and the ligand-binding domain of PPARδ, along with a GR-controlled reporter gene fusion. Valproic acid reduces the accumulation of acetylated histones and inhibits HDAC activity. Furthermore, Valproic acid induces specific types of differentiation, characterized by decreased proliferation, morphological changes, accumulation of the transcription factor AP-2, and expression of marker genes, where AP-2 serves as a potential marker for neuronal or neuroepithelial-like differentiation in F9 teratocarcinoma cells.
• In Vitro:
  In the MT-450 rat mammary carcinoma model, Valproic acid exhibits a delayed effect on the growth of primary tumors.
• Cell Research:
  Valproic acid is dissolved in DMSO. In brief, 5×105 cells are seeded in 96-well microtiter plates for MTT assays. After exposure to the designated doses of Valproic acid for the indicated times, MTT solution [20 mL: 2 mg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)] is added to each well of the 96-well plates. The plates are additionally incubated for 3 h at 37°C. Medium is withdrawn from the plates by pipetting and 200 mL DMSO is added to each well to solubilize the formazan crystals. The optical density is measured at 570 nm using a microplate reader.

Storage & Handling

• Storage: 4°C
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

Valproate Na; VPA

Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

16760703