Azoramide

SKU: orb1221650

Description

Azoramide is a small-molecule modulator of the unfolded protein response with antidiabetic activity. Azoramide mproves ER protein-folding ability and activates ER chaperone capacity to protect cells against ER stress in multiple systems. Azoramide also exhibited potent antidiabetic efficacy in two independent mouse models of obesity by improving insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β cell function. Azoramide can be potential drug candidate for type 2 diabetes.

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 932986-18-0
• MW: 308.82
• Purity: >98% (HPLC)
• Formula: C₁₅H₁₇ClN₂OS
• SMILES: CCCC(=O)NCCc1csc(n1)-c1ccc(Cl)cc1
• Target: Others
• Solubility: DMSO : ≥ 30 mg/mL; 97.14 mM

Bioactivity

• In Vivo:
  Azoramide (150 mg/kg; p.o. ; daily, for 7 d; Huh7 cells; ob/ob mice) improves glucose homeostasis in mice with genetic obesity and preserves beta cell function and survival during metabolic ER stress. Animal model: Male ob/ob mice (9-12 weeks of age). Dosage: 150 mg/kg. Administration: Oral administration; daily, for 7 days. Result: Reduces ER stress and improves metabolism in ob/ob mice. Increased the levels of Pdx1 mRNA and improved beta cell function.
• In Vitro:
  Azoramide (0.01-100 μM; 0-24 h; Huh7 cells) regulates ER folding and secretion capacity without inducing ER stress. Azoramide (15 μM; 2-16 h; Huh7 cells) protects cells from induced ER stress. Azoramide counteracts Tunicamycin (Tm, HY-A0098)-induced ATF6LD-Cluc secretion and Tm-induced decrease of ASGR-Cluc secretion. Azoramide suppresses Tm-induced GRP78 and CHOP protein expression. Azoramide (15 μM; 2-16 h; Hepa 1-6 cells) alters ER calcium homeostasis and retains a greater fraction of Ca2+ in the ER. Azoramide (0-10 μM; 5 d) attenuates loss of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y iPSC-derived midbrain DA neurons. Azoramide (10 μM; 5 d) reduces the increase in ROS and ameliorates the decline in mitochondrial membrane potential in PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y midbrain DA neurons. Azoramide (10 μM; 0-30 d) suppresses mitochondrial fragmentation in PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y midbrain DA neurons. Cell Viability Assay Cell line: DA neurons. Concentration: 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 μM Incubation time: 5 days. Result: Enhanced cell viability with 27 and 39% for 3 and 10 μM, respectively. Western blot analysis. Cell line: DA neurons. Concentration: 10 μM. Incubation time: 24 hours. Result: Decreased the cleaved level of caspase 3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 in PLA2G6 mutant neurons. Enhanced expression of CREB in PLA2G6 mutant neurons. Western blot analysis. Cell line: DA neurons. Concentration: 10 μM. Incubation time: 30 days. Result: Suppressed increased expression of UPR proteins, elevated the decreased expression level of mfn1, and inhibited the elevated expression levels of DRP1 and Fis1 in PLA2G6 mutant neurons

Storage & Handling

• Storage: Storage temperature: -20°C. Stability: ≥ 2 years
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

Azoramide

Quick Database Links

Gene Symbol

Others