Apocynin

SKU: orb1300809

Description

Apocynin (NSC 2146) is a cell-permeable inhibitor of NADPH oxidase with an IC50 of 10 µM. It is widely used in both in vitro and in vivo research to investigate the role of oxidative stress in inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders.

Research Area

Cell Biology, Metabolism Research

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 498-02-2
• MW: 166.17
• Purity: 99.98%
• Formula: C₉H₁₀O₃
• SMILES: COC1=C(O)C=CC(=C1)C(C)=O
• Target: Autophagy,NADPH,Apoptosis
• Solubility: Ethanol:16.6 mg/mL (99.9 mM);10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween 80+45% Saline:2 mg/mL (12.04 mM);DMSO:250 mg/mL (1504.48 mM)

Bioactivity

• Target IC50:
  NADPH oxidase:10 μM
• In Vivo:
  Upon metabolic transformation, Apocynin can inhibit the assembly of NADPH oxidase, possibly due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It achieves this by inhibiting the serine phosphorylation of p47phox and disrupting its interaction with gp91phox, thereby inactivating NADPH oxidase activity. Furthermore, Apocynin reduces the generation of superoxide (O(2)(-)) in activated macrophages and neutrophils.
• In Vitro:
  Apocynin demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity by reducing neutrophil infiltration, the extent of spinal cord injury, the formation of PAR and nitrotyrosine, and the expression of ICAM-1 and P-selectin. It inhibits the degradation of IκB-α, activation of NF-κB, and apoptosis (as indicated by TUNEL staining, FAS ligand, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression), and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and the activation of MAPK pathways (P-38 and phosphorylated-JNK). The LD50 in mice is 9 g/kg (p.o.). Apocynin is effective in various inflammatory cells and animal models. It attenuates the production of TNF-α and IL-1β, and the expression of iNOS in the lungs of mice treated with carrageenan. Moreover, apocynin offers beneficial effects in mouse models of spinal cord injury.

Storage & Handling

• Storage: Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice/Shipping at ambient temperature.
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

inhibit, NSC 2146, NSC2146, NSC-2146, NADPH oxidase, Inhibitor, Apocynin, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Acetovanillone, Acetoguaiacone

Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

2214