Amonafide

SKU: orb1300857

Description

Amonafide is a topoisomerase II poison that induces protein-associated DNA strand breaks, but it does not inhibit topoisomerase I. This mechanism supports its investigation as an anticancer agent in both cellular and animal models for diseases like acute myeloid leukemia.

Research Area

Molecular Biology

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 69408-81-7
• MW: 283.33
• Purity: 99.39% (May vary between batches)
• Formula: C₁₆H₁₇N₃O₂
• SMILES: CN(C)CCN1C(=O)c2cccc3cc(N)cc(C1=O)c23
• Target: Topoisomerase
• Solubility: H2O:< 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble);Ethanol:4 mg/mL (14.12 mM);DMSO:53 mg/mL (187.06 mM);10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween 80+45% Saline:2 mg/mL (7.06 mM)

Bioactivity

• In Vitro:
  Through a topoisomerase II-mediated reaction, Amonafide treatment produces DNA single-strand breaks (SSB), double-strand breaks (DSB), and DNA-protein cross-links in human myeloid leukemia cells. Amonafide treatment inhibits conlony formation of the leukemic cell lines and the normal human bone marrow GM-CFC in a dose-dependent manner. Amonafide does not produce topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage even at 100 μM. The m-AMSA-resistant line is less than 2-fold resistant to Amonafide Amonafide interferes with the DNA breakage-reunion activity of mammalian DNA topoisomerase II resulting in DNA cleavage stimulation. Compared with those of other antitumor drugs, Amonafide-stimulated cleavage intensity patterns are markedly different. Amonafide highly prefers a cytosine, and excludes guanines and thymines instead, at position -1, with lower preference for an adenine at position +1. Topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage induced by Amonafide is affected only slightly (less than 3-fold) by 1 mM ATP, suggeting that Amonafide is an ATP-insensitive topoisomerase II inhibitor in contrast to doxorubicin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone. Amonafide significantly inhibits the growth of HT-29, HeLa, and PC3 cells with IC50 of 4.67 μM, 2.73 μM, and 6.38 μM, respectively. Amonafide is unaffected by P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux, unlike those of the classical topoisomerase II inhibitors (daunorubicin, doxorubicin, idarubicin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone).
• Cell Research:
  All cell lines are in the logarithmic phase of growth when the assay of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) is carried out. Cells are harvested and seeded into 96-well tissue culture plates at a density of 2.5 × 103 cells/well in 150 μL aliquots of medium. The concentrations tested are serial dilutions of a stock solution (10 μM in DMSO) with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and are added 24 hours later. The assay is ended after 72 hours of Amonafide exposure and PBS is used as a negative control. After 72 hours treatment, cells are washed twice with PBS, and then 50 μL/well of MTT reagent (1 mg/mL in PBS) together with 150 μL/well of prewarmed medium are added. The plates are returned to the incubator for 4 hours. Subsequently, DMSO is added as solvent. Absorbance is determined at 570 nm with a Microplate reader. All experiments are performed at least three times, and the average of the percentage absorbance is plotted against concentration. Then, the concentration of Amonafide required to inhibit 50% of cell growth (IC50) is calculated for Amonafide.(Only for Reference)

Storage & Handling

• Storage: Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice/Shipping at ambient temperature.
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

Nafidimide, NSC308847, NSC308847,AS 1413, NSC308847,AS1413, NSC308847,AS-1413, AS-1413, AS1413, AS 1413, Amonafide, Topoisomerase, Topo II, Quinamed

Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

50515