3-Sulfopropanoic acid

SKU: orb1905808

Description

3-Sulfopropanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite found in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients. It potently inhibits the formation of Aβ42 oligomers, making it a valuable small molecule for in vitro and in vivo research on amyloid pathology and neuroprotective mechanisms.

Research Area

Metabolism Research

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 44826-45-1
• MW: 154.14
• Purity: >99.99% (May vary between batches)
• Formula: C₃H₆O₅S
• SMILES: C(S(=O)(=O)O)CC(O)=O
• Target: Endogenous Metabolite,Drug Metabolite
• Solubility: DMSO:1.79 mg/mL (11.61 mM)

Bioactivity

• In Vivo:
  3-Sulfopropanoic acid (3-SPA) is an endogenous molecule in the human brain and is present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD and other neurodegenerative brain diseases. Lumbar CSF samples from 64 drug-naïve patients with cognitive deficits (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score range 15-30) and six patients with AD treated with tramiprosate 150 mg twice daily in the phase III trial, at week 78, were analyzed. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to confirm the structural molecular identity of endogenous 3-SPA with a 3-SPA reference standard and ion-mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry with molecular dynamics to characterize interactions of 3-SPA with Aβ42 monomers, and the resultant conformational alterations. Rat studies using oral (30 mg/kg) and intravenous (10 mg/kg) doses were conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetration of 3-SPA. We confirmed the presence of 3-SPA in the CSF of drug-naïve patients with cognitive deficits (mean concentration 11.7 ± 4.3 nM). The mean concentration of 3-SPA in patients with AD treated with tramiprosate was 135 ± 51 nM. In vitro studies revealed a multi-ligand interaction of 3-SPA with monomeric Aβ42 that inhibits the aggregation of Aβ42 into small oligomers. Comparisons of the molecular interactions of tramiprosate and 3-SPA with Aβ42 are also presented. Furthermore, in rat preclinical studies, 3-SPA displayed 100% oral bioavailability and 25% brain penetration, indicating that the metabolite is well absorbed and crosses the blood-brain barrier.

Storage & Handling

• Storage: Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice/Shipping at ambient temperature.
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

Drug Metabolite, DrugMetabolite, 3-SPA, 3-Sulfopropanoic acid

Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

409694