Isoniazid

SKU: orb1310116

Description

Isoniazid is a first-line antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis. It is widely employed in both in vitro and in vivo research to study mycobacterial inhibition, mechanisms of antibiotic action, and the development of drug resistance.

Research Area

Cell Biology, Infectious Disease & Virology, Metabolism Research, Pharmacology & Drug Discovery

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 54-85-3
• MW: 137.1393
• Purity: 99.79% (May vary between batches)
• Formula: C₆H₇N₃O
• SMILES: NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1
• Target: Dehydrogenase,Antibacterial,Antibiotic,Mitophagy,Autophagy
• Solubility: 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline:2 mg/mL (14.58 mM);H2O:25 mg/mL (182.3 mM);Ethanol:26 mg/mL (189.59 mM);DMSO:60.63 mg/mL (442.1 mM)

Bioactivity

• In Vivo:
  Isoniazid increases CYP2E1 protein, and the 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone formation rate is increased by 2.7 and 2.2-fold in liver and kidney, respectively. Isoniazid decreases liver and kidney 20-HETE content to 34% and 15.6% of control, respectively, without significantly altering tissue 19-HETE concentration.
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• In Vitro:
  Isoniazid is a prodrug that requires activation by the mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme (KatG) to an active form that then exerts a lethal effect on an intracellular target or targets. Isoniazid upregulates the expression of an operon containing five FAS II components, including kasA and acpM. Isoniazid results in the accumulation of ACP-bound lipid precursors to mycolic acids that are 26 carbons long and fully saturated. Isoniazid enters the mycobacterial cell by passive diffusion. Isoniazid itself is not toxic to the bacterial cell, but acts as a prodrug and is activated by the mycobacterial enzyme KatG, a multifunctional catalase-peroxidase that has other activities, including peroxynitritase and NADH oxidase. Isoniazid inhibits cell wall lipid synthesis, coupled with the findings that inhibitory INH adducts of NAD+/NADP+ are formed from the isonicotinoyl radical, leading the field away from this area. Isoniazid induces a concentration-dependent (0-40 mM) cytotoxic effect in day-1 treated HepG2 cells and not significantly affected by decreases in intracellular GSH concentrations.
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Storage & Handling

• Storage: -20°C
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

Inhibitor, NAPDH, Mitophagy, Mitochondrial Autophagy, KatG, INH, inhibit, Isonicotinic acid hydrazide, Isonicotinic hydrazide, Isoniazid, mycobacteria, Bacterial, Autophagy, CAT, tuberculostatic

Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

3767