(±)-Carnitine chloride

SKU: orb1300736

Description

(±)-Carnitine chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt, biosynthesized from lysine and methionine. It is widely used in biochemical research to study fatty acid metabolism, particularly in in vitro assays and in vivo models investigating energy homeostasis and mitochondrial function.

Research Area

Immunology & Inflammation, Metabolism Research, Signal Transduction

Key Properties

• CAS Number: 461-05-2
• MW: 197.66
• Purity: 99.98% (May vary between batches)
• Formula: C₇H₁₅NO₃·HCl
• SMILES: [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)CC(O)=O
• Target: ROS,Reactive Oxygen Species
• Solubility: DMSO:45 mg/mL (227.66 mM);Ethanol:< 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble);H2O:37 mg/mL (187.19 mM);10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween 80+45% Saline:2 mg/mL (10.12 mM)

Bioactivity

• In Vivo:
  L-carnitine has been shown to modulate the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and enhance IGF-1 levels in animal studies. Its administration over two weeks can mitigate muscle mass and fiber size reduction in the soleus muscle caused by hindlimb suspension. Additionally, L-carnitine inhibits atrogin-1 mRNA expression, crucial for preventing muscle atrophy. Concurrent L-carnitine treatment also reduces renal fibrosis—associated with lowered plasma TGF-β1 levels—and addresses the enhanced oxidative and inflammatory states observed in L-NAME treated groups, alongside promoting PPAR-γ expression.
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• In Vitro:
  L-carnitine primarily facilitates the translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane by transforming acyl-CoA into acyl-carnitine via carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-I activation. This acyl-carnitine is then converted back into acyl-CoA within the mitochondrial matrix by CPT-II. L-carnitine's introduction enhances palmitoyl-CoA-induced mitochondrial respiration, further accelerated by ADP, showcasing a concentration-dependent effect that reaches saturation at 5 mM L-carnitine. Additionally, L-carnitine pre-treatment enhances Nrf2 nuclear translocation, its DNA binding activity, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in Water2-treated HL7702 cells, providing protection against Water2-induced cell damage through Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway activation.
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Storage & Handling

• Storage: -20°C
• Expiration Date: 12 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

Inhibitor, inhibit, Monocamin, DL-Carnitine, DL-Carnitine Chloride, DL-Carnitine chloride, DL-Carnitine HCl, Carnitine Chloride, Bicarnesine, (±)-Carnitine, (±)Carnitine chloride, (±) Carnitine chloride, ReactiveOxygenSpecies, Reactive Oxygen Species

Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

5970