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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) are laboratory techniques used to identify particular antigens through the use of antibodies. Within these processes, a primary antibody attaches to the desired antigen. A secondary antibody, attached either to a fluorophore or an enzyme whose process results in fluorescence, attaches to the primary antibody. These antigens can then be identified through fluorescence in the sample.
While these methods have the same end goal and overall process, there are a few key differences that distinguish the two:
- Type of sample: IHC utilizes tissue samples that are either frozen or embedded in paraffin. ICC utilizes cultured cells or cell suspensions instead of tissues.
- Implications of sample type: Because IHC utilizes tissue samples, researchers can study how cells interact within their native environment. Because ICC does not involve tissue samples, efforts focus on isolated cells and cell behavior.
- Research application: IHC is often used in disease diagnosis through examination of protein expression within tissue samples. ICC is often used to study cellular processes and protein localization within cells.
Both IHC and ICC have important applications in cancer research. IHC is often used in cancer diagnosis and staging through the identification of tumor markers and protein expression levels. ICC is often used to study cellular processes, such as apoptosis and signaling pathways, within cancer cells. ICC is also a valuable tool in pharmaceutical studies, evaluating how cancer cells respond to different drug treatments.
Common biomarker for breast cancer and gastric cancer |
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Common biomarker for lung and brain cancer |
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Common biomarker for melanoma |
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Common biomarker for pancreatic and colorectal cancer |
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Common biomarker for prostate cancer |
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Check out our product catalog for more antibodies used for IHC and ICC