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What is a CD Antigen?
A Cluster of Differentiation (CD) antigen is a protein expressed on the surface of immune cells, used to classify and differentiate between different cell types based on their role in immune responses. CD antigens serve as markers that help identify specific stages of cell development and function, particularly in leukocytes (white blood cells). These markers are essential for diagnosing and studying immune-related conditions.
Key immune cells that express CD markers
T Cells (T Lymphocytes):
- CD4: Found on helper T cells (Th cells), which assist in orchestrating immune responses.
- CD8: Present on cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells), responsible for killing infected or cancerous cells.
B Cells (B Lymphocytes): CD19 and CD20 are common markers for B cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies.
Natural Killer (NK) Cells: These cells play a vital role in the innate immune response.
Monocytes and Macrophages: Key players in phagocytosis and inflammation.
Dendritic Cells: Essential for antigen presentation and activating T cells.
Granulocytes: Including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, involved in inflammatory responses.
Commonly used and studied CD markers
Name | Catalog Number |
|---|---|
Found on dendritic cells and some T cells; involved in presenting lipid antigens to T cells | |
A complex found on all T cells, involved in T cell receptor signalling | |
Expressed on helper T cells; critical for activating other immune cells and a primary target in HIV | |
Found on T cells and some B cells; involved in signalling and immune response regulation | |
Present on cytotoxic T cells; responsible for killing virus-infected or cancerous cells | |
Expressed on early B and T cells, as well as certain lymphomas (e.g., follicular lymphoma); used in cancer diagnosis | |
Expressed on leukocytes; involved in cell adhesion and migration | |
Found on monocytes and macrophages; recognizes bacterial components and plays a role in innate immune responses | |
Present on natural killer (NK) cells and some macrophages; involved in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity | |
A key marker on B cells; used in diagnosing and treating B-cell malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma | |
Expressed on mature B cells; a target in therapies for B-cell lymphomas (e.g., rituximab) | |
Found on B cells; acts as a receptor for the Epstein-Barr virus and is involved in B cell activation | |
A marker for regulatory T cells (Tregs) and activated T cells; important in immune tolerance and autoimmunity | |
Present on T cells; provides costimulatory signals that are essential for T cell activation | |
Found on hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells; used to identify stem cells for bone marrow transplants | |
Expressed on B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells; involved in activating B cells and promoting antibody production | |
Found on all leukocytes (white blood cells); plays a critical role in cell signalling | |
A marker for natural killer (NK) cells and certain subsets of T cells | |
An early activation marker found on T cells, B cells, and NK cells; used to assess immune cell activation | |
Expressed on B cells; involved in B cell receptor signalling | |
Present on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like dendritic cells and B cells; provides costimulatory signals to activate T cells | |
Also found on APCs; works alongside CD80 to stimulate T cell activation | |
Found on a variety of cells; involved in inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) | |
A marker for hematopoietic stem cells and certain types of cancer cells; involved in cell survival and proliferation | |
Expressed on plasma cells (mature B cells); used to identify multiple myeloma cells |